tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-43042139257547036742024-03-13T22:13:16.949-07:00T2 PeopleT2 Peoplehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08574217515160293260noreply@blogger.comBlogger5125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4304213925754703674.post-62225939354625585312011-04-08T11:15:00.000-07:002011-04-08T11:31:01.096-07:00Semeando Idéias<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><strong><br /></strong></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">"Nada é mais poderoso do que uma idéia cujo tempo tenha chegado."</span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Esse pensamento, atribuído a Victor Hugo, tem se mostrado muito real na minha vida.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span>Nas últimas semanas tive a oportunidade de vê-lo aplicado diversas vezes.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Alertas e recomendações que fiz a clientes há anos atrás ficaram adormecidas e agora começam a germinar, despertadas pelas chuvas de esperança de saída da crise na Europa.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span>É verdade que nem sempre há a lembrança da origem da idéia. Muitas vezes a idéia é creditada a quem a desperta no momento certo e não a quem a plantou.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Mas isso é menos importante do que o benefício da idéia germinar e, quem sabe, trazer uma pequena contribuição para melhorar o mundo.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span>Na verdade, receber o crédito pelas idéias é sempre agradável mas frequentemente injusto. Até que ponto temos certeza da originalidade de alguma idéia? Não são as nossas idéias "originais", na maior parte das vezes, uma colagem de idéias de outros, rearranjos de algo que já vimos?</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span>Quando penso nisso tudo, vem-me à mente a parábola do semeador. "Saiu o semeador a semear..." A maior parte das sementes foi perdida, por falta de rega, pelas aves que as comeram, pelas ervas daninhas que as sufocaram. Mas algumas caíram em terra boa e produziram frutos "a cem por um".</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Em minha experiência, eu adicionaria mais uma possilidade. Sementes caem em terra dura, seca, infértil. Mas as melhores sementes não morrem, permanecem. Talvez se passem muitos anos de seca e infertilidade. Mas, um dia, um pouco de matéria orgânica soma-se a uma chuvinha improvável e... abracadabra ! Faz-se o milagre de aparecer vida onde nada se esperava.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span>Não posso garantir quantas idéias germinarão e darão frutos, nem quando o farão, nem se terei algum crédito quando isso acontecer. Mas continuo a semear, sempre. Por prazer e por paixão.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;font-family:verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span>E você? quantas sementes tem lançado nestes dias?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman""> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Daniel</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family:verdana;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-family: verdana;font-family:";font-size:100%;" lang="EN-US" >Daniel Druwe Araújo é Sócio Diretor da T2People, empresa de consultoria em gestão empresarial (www.T2People.com) e representante nas Américas do Sul e Central, da LaMarsh Inc, empresa reconhecida como Líder mundial em Gestão de Mudanças</span>Miltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13936009406459540958noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4304213925754703674.post-46315747674212389352011-04-05T04:34:00.000-07:002011-04-08T11:24:56.575-07:00Semeando Idéias<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> <w:splitpgbreakandparamark/> <w:dontvertaligncellwithsp/> 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mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";" > </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >"Nada é mais poderoso do que uma idéia cujo tempo tenha chegado."</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Esse pensamento, atribuído a Victor Hugo, tem se mostrado muito real na minha vida.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Nas últimas semanas tive a oportunidade de vê-lo aplicado diversas vezes.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Alertas e recomendações que fiz a clientes há anos atrás ficaram adormecidas e agora começam a germinar, despertadas pelas chuvas de esperança de saída da crise na Europa.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >É verdade que nem sempre há a lembrança da origem da idéia. Muitas vezes a idéia é creditada a quem a desperta no momento certo e não a quem a plantou.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Mas isso é menos importante do que o benefício da idéia germinar e, quem sabe, trazer uma pequena contribuição para melhorar o mundo.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Na verdade, receber o crédito pelas idéias é sempre agradável mas frequentemente injusto. Até que ponto temos certeza da originalidade de alguma idéia? Não são as nossas idéias "originais", na maior parte das vezes, uma colagem de idéias de outros, rearranjos de algo que já vimos?</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Quando penso nisso tudo, vem-me à mente a parábola do semeador. "Saiu o semeador a semear..." A maior parte das sementes foi perdida, por falta de rega, pelas aves que as comeram, pelas ervas daninhas que as sufocaram. Mas algumas caíram em terra boa e produziram frutos "a cem por um".</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Em minha experiência, eu adicionaria mais uma possilidade. Sementes caem em terra dura, seca, infértil. Mas as melhores sementes não morrem, permanecem. Talvez se passem muitos anos de seca e infertilidade. Mas, um dia, um pouco de matéria orgânica soma-se a uma chuvinha improvável e... abracadabra ! Faz-se o milagre de aparecer vida onde nada se esperava.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >Não posso garantir quantas idéias germinarão e darão frutos, nem quando o farão, nem se terei algum crédito quando isso acontecer. Mas continuo a semear, sempre. Por prazer e por paixão.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="font-family:"Comic Sans MS"; mso-fareast-Times New Roman";font-size:130%;" >E você? quantas sementes tem lançado nestes dias?</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" ></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-size:130%;" > </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: verdana; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:";font-size:130%;color:navy;" >Daniel.</span><span style="mso-fareast-Times New Roman"font-family:";" ></span></p>Miltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13936009406459540958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4304213925754703674.post-66157279220978998852011-04-03T07:34:00.000-07:002011-04-03T13:40:03.504-07:00Conversa com Nakada san, ex-Toyota, ex-Delphi, com uma experiência direta com a família Toyoda<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:lidthemecomplexscript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >No restaurante do meu cliente na Bélgica tive a honra de almoçar com Nakada san, ex-Toyota, ex-Delphi, com uma experiência direta com a família Toyoda. Aposentado da sua vida de executivo, ele agora compartilha sua experiência e conhecimento como consultor para grandes empresas. Em meu cliente, está ajudando a aperfeiçoar as práticas de qualidade na linha.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Perguntei a ele quais mudanças culturais êle considerava importantes para a empresa promover. Esperava uma apaixonada defesa das características que costumamos associar com o modelo Toyota, de empoderamento, participação e senso de propriedade pelos operadores dos processos.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Para minha surpresa, ele me disse que preferia focar na responsabilidade da gerência em prover inovação através da estrutura e dos sistemas disponibilizados para os operadores. De que adianta você tentar mudar a cultura se a estrutura e os sistemas não suportam a prática das mudanças?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Por outro lado, se a estrutura e os sistemas (ou processos) forem concebidos não apenas para suportar mas para constranger os operadores a fazer o que é certo, os comportamentos corretos acontecerão. Gradualmente, quando os bons resultados começarem a aparecer, mudarão as atitudes, as crenças e os valores.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Continuo a achar importantíssimo entender as mudanças culturais necessárias e a buscar maneiras efetivas de promovê-las e gerenciá-las.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Também continuo um crente convicto da necessidade de capacitar os operadores dos processos para pensar e julgar, e não apenas seguir um processo porque não têm alternativa. Continuo a acreditar no potencial inexplorado da criatividade dos operadores e na importância de desenvolver neles o senso de propriedade pelos processos e pelos resultados.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Mas a inesperada defesa por Nakada san da obrigação da gerência em pensar e disponibilizar a estrutura e os sistemas apropriados para os operadores executarem corretamente os processos foi uma excelente contribuição para o meu aprendizado do dia.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 3pt;"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Torço para que lhes sirva igualmente como bom ponto de reflexão!</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Daniel, Gosselies, Bélgica, 30 de março de 2011.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" ></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:";font-size:10pt;" lang="EN-US" >Daniel é Sócio Diretor da T2People, empresa de consultoria em gestão de empresas e representante nas Américas do Sul e Central, da LaMarsh Inc, reconhecida como Lider mundial em Gestão de Mudanças<br /></span></p>Miltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13936009406459540958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4304213925754703674.post-54807714379076170132011-03-29T14:27:00.000-07:002011-04-03T13:38:45.924-07:00<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:hyphenationzone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:donotpromoteqf/> <w:lidthemeother>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:lidthemeasian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> 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Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <div style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 1pt 4pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center; border: medium none; padding: 0in;" align="center"><b style="">A Gestão de Mudanças e o Planejamento Estratético das empresas<span style=""> </span>-<span style=""> </span>1ª parte</b></p> </div> <p class="MsoNormal">Muito tem se falado a respeito da gestão de mudanças, e muito se tem feito a respeito, mas ma verdade a qualidade e eficácia destes programas tem no mímimo, deixado muito a desejar e em muitos casos tem sido a maior razão de falhas na implantação de grandes projetos de mudanças.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Vamos recordar um pouco, este assunto (gestão de mudanças) começou a ser falado há um pouco mais de<span style=""> </span>30 anos atras, não por coincidencia com o iniício de implantação de grandes sistemas de informação que começavam a se extender as áreas de planejamento e manufatura, para as áreas de logística, distribuição,comércio exterior,etc. Eram os sistemas de MRP (Materials Resources Planning) , que propiciavam uma maneira mais ordenada e ajustada de se obter insumos para os processos produtivos.Segui-se o Manufacturing Resources Planning, e o MRP-II que já pretendia ser uma ferramento de planejamento e controle de várias áreas chave de uma compania.<span style=""> </span>E por fim estes sistemas evoluiram para os ‘todo-poderosos’ ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning), este sim tinham módulos e aplicações para todas as áreas da empresa.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Esta era a solução sonhada pelos dirigentes e altos executivos, para aplicar os planos estratégicos/táticos da empresa e (que maravilha) ter tudo controlado por telas de computador em relatórios e graficos atrativos de de (relativamente) fácil uso.Mas existiam alguns problemas:</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 37.9pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style=""><span style="">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Estes sistemas eram muito caros e exigiam sofisticados técnicos e consultores para implanta-los de maneira continuada em suas frequentes versões inovadoras</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 37.9pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style=""><span style="">2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span>Estes novos sistemas requeriam mudanças substancias, e por que não dramáticas na maneira de trabalhar, nos processos da empresa. Quem não se lembra da ‘Reengenharia’de Michael Hammer?</p> <p class="MsoNormal">O primeiro problema foi resolvido, com bem elaborados ‘Business Cases’ que prometiam altas taxa de retorno, que satisfizeram os mais exigentes executivos financeiros e CEOs. E havia uma outra vantagem, o sistema poderia ser comprado em módulos e numa implantação extendida ao longo do tempo. </p> <p class="MsoNormal">O segundo nem tanto, para mudança nos processos de trabalho, invocaram-se um grande número de ferramentas da já quase esquecida Qualidade Total. Um sem número de times foram montados (funcionais e cross-funcionais), comites diretores para controlá-los e fartas somas de dinheiro para treinar, treinar, treinar... Afinal todos tinham que adorar este novo sistema que ia trazer tantas maravilhas para todos, os operadores e beneficiários deste sistema só tinham que erradicar os processos de trabalho atuais (que estavam todos errados) e te-los completamente renovados pelos novos processos (corretos conforme a definição do ERP). E depois aprender a entrar com as informações nas telas (esqueça papeis) e saber extrair os maravilhosos resumos gerenciais, listas do que fazer, comprar, vender, obsoletar,etc.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Considerando que eu e meu então sócio e parceiro, Daniel Druwe Araujo, implantamos o primeiro projeto de MRP-II na década de 70, o mundo deveria ser a maravilha dos deuses nos dias de hoje. E não foi um projeto de sistemas apenas, o tratamos (como sabiamos na época) por um projeto maior, um projeto de mudança na cultura da empresa. E depois de um par de anos, fomos certificados como<span style=""> </span>‘Classe A’ pela ‘check list’ da empresa de consultoria Oliver Wight, que já começava a descrever atributos importantes para atingir e sustentar níveis de excelencia na empresa (além da manufatura).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Na verdade depois de um primeiro momento de euforia, seguido por um momento de capitalização dos benefícios (reduções de inventário, melhoria nos níveis de satisfação dos clientes, melhor qualidade de vida no trabalho, etc) as coisas não continuaram tão maravilhosas assim. Líderes do projeto ou foram promovidos ou mudaram de posição ou de empresa, prioridades gradualmente foram mudando, afinal eramos muitos bons naquilo e podíamos focar energias noutras áreas de melhoria. O fato é que passados alguns anos, não mais se falava em ‘Classe A’, o sistema de MRP-II continuava operando, mas já se estava planejando uma mega mudança para no grandioso ERP, os neócios não iam tão bem, e as reduções de pessoal continuavam.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">O que aconteceu? Limitar a um só fator seria super simplificar o problema, mas um dos maiores problemas foi que as mudanças nos processos criadas para suportar e operar com eficiencia o novo sistema, não foram mantidas e continuamente melhoradas, conforme havia sido planejado e prometido. O contexto (processos, pessoas, estrutura, cultura), não mudou o suficiente para conseguir manter-se em novo estado de equilibrio. Quero dizer que quando fizemos as mega mudanças, causamos um tremendo desequilibrio na empresa, até atingir a nossa meta, e aí então atingimos um novo nível de equilibrio. Só que era um equilíbrio instavel, e não houve suficiente sustentação ao longo do tempo para que ele se transformasse em um equilibrio estável, que estabeleceria entã a plataforma para os proximos desequilibrios (projetos de transformação).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">E o que tem isto a ver com o planejamento estratégico? Vou apenas começar a elaborar sobre o tema que além de profundo, é complexo e emplogante, e vou continuar junto com meu parceiro e sócio Daniel, escrevendo sobre o tema em futuras edições desta revista.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Como aperitivo então, o planejamento estratético (extremamente resumido) tem a função de analisar tendencias e a formular estratégias que posicionarão a empresa em novos patamares de resultados operacionais (lucros, vendas, fluxo de caixa, etc), além de niveis de excelencia para atender aos maiores públicos: acionistas, clientes e colaboradores. E tambem começa a identificar o como deve ser feito. Então o planejamento estratégico irá indicar quais serão os futuros grandes projetos para a empresa (fusões, aquisições, mudanças de local físico, busca de novos mercados local e internacionalmente, reduções de custos, busca de níveus ainda maiores de excelencia, etc).</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Porem o planejamento estrategico não de preocupa muito com a implantação, ou com a gestão da mudança, e nem estabele quais o padrões a seguir para esta gestão. Como numa área de P&D de uma montadora que precisa cada vez mais criar projetos de carros que possam ser manufaturados e a baixo custo, o planejamento estrategico deveria se preocupar em identificar projetos com alta probabilidade de serem executados com sucesso. E aí entra a gestão de mudanças,</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Até a<span style=""> </span>próxima</p> <p class="MsoNormal">Milton Maretti – Sócio Diretor da T2People </p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Representante nas Americas do Sul e Central da LaMarsh Inc – reconhecida como Lider mundial na Gestão de Mudanças nas Organizações, <a href="http://www.t2people.com/">www.T2People.com</a></i></p>Miltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13936009406459540958noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4304213925754703674.post-85361033636290161112011-03-29T10:16:00.000-07:002011-03-29T10:18:52.732-07:00A Well-Managed Change - Six Sigma and Managed ChangeTM<!--[if !mso]> <style> v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} </style> <![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> 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unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">A Well-Managed Change - Six Sigma and Managed Change<sup>TM</sup></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Making it Easier to Choose to Change</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">As organizations make six sigma the core of their change process, they send a strong message: change is a constant. Change is how organizations stay competitive. Change is how they grow. Six sigma is their way of making change happen. And six sigma works. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Integrating six sigma into the DNA of an organization increases its growth potential, instituting a disciplined and structured process that can be shared throughout the organization. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Six sigma improvement projects are not always successful, or initial success is not always sustained. This matches managers' and employees' experience with other change projects, such as system implementations or the integration of newly acquired companies. Research, in fact, shows that many change projects do not meet their objectives.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">ProSci, in its report on best practices in change management in 2000, and subsequent reports in 2002 and 2004, identified the greatest obstacles to change:</span></p> <ul type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Management behavior does not support the change.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Employees fear and resist change.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Resources -- time, knowledge, and money -- are inadequate.</span></li></ul> <div align="center"> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 293.25pt;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="391"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="width: 293.25pt; padding: 0in;" width="391"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><img src="file:///C:/Users/Milton/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif" alt="http://www.sme.org/images/press/2005/20051033-1.gif" height="225" width="400" /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0in;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><img src="file:///C:/Users/Milton/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.gif" alt="http://www.sme.org/images/misc_v1/spacer5.gif" height="6" width="6" /></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="width: 293.25pt; padding: 0in;" width="391"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><i><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";" lang="EN-US">52% of the cause of unsuccessful change is directly related to human behavior</span></i><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0in;"><br /></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Six sigma Black Belts and Master Black Belts recognize that if six sigma improvement projects are to succeed, people must choose to change. For example, suppose a six sigma team is charged with examining the process for closing the financial reports at the end of each month. To begin, the team must consider that people have been doing it that way for a long time. Habit, not having to think hard about how to do the work, and a strong investment in the original design of the processes are reasons why people may not embrace the six sigma team's improvements.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Six sigma also must be about managing change. Six sigma teams need to provide realistic estimates of a proposed change's return on investment (ROI). They also are charged with reducing change-deployment cost. Predicting the potential for resistance and planning how to reduce it are good first steps. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The result will be:</span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">A reduction of the portion of the project cost resulting from resistance,</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">An increased probability of achieving AND sustaining the projected benefits, and</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">A shortened cycle time for the project, as people embrace change faster and more easily.</span></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Addressing the change requirements of a six sigma project does not require fundamental changes to the six sigma methodology. Instead, it adds rigor to the project by using the six sigma tools and methodology to a higher standard. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">The stakeholder analysis done in the "Define" stage of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) sequence, for example, could be expanded to identify all potential targets of the change and the management structure above them. Who in the finance department, for example, is currently involved in the month-end close? Is anyone in the business units involved? Are there people outside the company involved? Managers of these people must be sponsors of any proposed changes. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">At the "Improve" stage, the expanded stakeholder analysis helps again as various improvements are considered. Which ones will trigger resistance? How much resistance? From what part of the organization can resistance be expected? Is resistance likely to be a factor in selecting the right solution? What will it take to overcome it and implement the new process?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Where Does Resistance Come From?</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">When people find it difficult to change, it is usually for some combination of the following reasons:</span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">They don't want to change from the way they do things now.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">They don't what to change to what the project team is recommending.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">They don't want to go through the effort of getting to the new way.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">They don't trust leadership's ability to get them to the new way.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">They don't trust the project team's ability to get them to the new way.</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">They don't believe this change effort will be any more successful than the last one...or, if it is successful, implementation will be too painful.</span></li></ol> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">In the "Improve" stage of DMAIC, these questions//which questions? do you mean determining the confidence level of those affected? should be asked of each group of suppliers, customers or leaders affected by the change. The project team should use the information gathered to design ways to reduce resistance.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">The Change Roles</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Key to the success of any change project are the ability and willingness of the participants to play their roles.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Targets:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"> Targets are the people who will have to change. People come to their jobs with a bias to either welcome or resist change, which is confirmed or challenged by their experience. Too often, experience with change has taught them that all changes are to be resisted. Again, this source of resistance must be identified at the outset and handled directly. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Change Agents:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"> Careful training on the principles of six sigma produces skilled and knowledgeable Black Belts, Green Belts and Yellow Belts -- the change agents. While their ability to use the DMAIC process and make improvements is vital to the organization, they must also thoughtfully consider and address the change targets' concerns. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">The change agents and how they are perceived can either foster a willingness to change or be a source of resistance. If the targets see the change agents as knowledgeable about the important issues and there is trust that the change agents will deal with those issues appropriately, the chance for quick and effective change is increased. If the people expected to change do not trust the change agents to recognize and address their issues, resistance will increase.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Sponsors:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"> When people face change, a key question is, "Does management, from my immediate supervisor all the way up the chain, want and support this change?" If the answer is yes, it does not necessarily mean all resistance will disappear. But if the answer is no, it means resistance will probably be much greater. Are managers willing to demonstrate their support? Do they know how to demonstrate it?</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Sustaining Change</span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">The need to manage the change process does not end when the project is completed and the project team disbanded. Learning continues into the sustainment phase of a project. Communication and reward need to be continued through the sustainment phase as well. Based upon the needs of the targets, continuing information about why the change was necessary, what it should now look like, and how the changed state will sustain itself over time should be made available. There is also the need for continued reinforcement of the improved state as the "new" current state until it becomes mainstream. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Replacing the month-end close process that was used for so long with a new system to enter data and prepare reports is a change. The accounting analysts and clerks need an opportunity to formally leave the old way of doing things and embrace the new. Managers will need reminders to continue communicating the need for the change. They are charged with encouraging and reinforcing the efforts of people to do things the "new way." There must be an understanding of why people might complain, why they might lobby to return to the "old way," and why it is not easy for them to change. For the "Control" stage, the six sigma team must transfer this understanding to the process owner, along with ways to track, support and empathize with the targets of the change.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Change management is a useful and necessary component of six sigma. It does not replace six sigma or run alongside it. It should be integrated into the logical and sequential phases of all six sigma projects. Admittedly, it is extra work for the project team to collect, analyze and address data about resistance. Those who do it, however, will tell you it is well worth it. Targets of the change effort will tell you the same. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">Jeanenne LaMarsh is founder and president of LaMarsh and Associates, a Chicago-based consulting firm specializing in change management and developers of the Managed Change<sup>TM</sup> process. She can be reached at </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="mailto:jlamarsh@lamarsh.com"><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">jlamarsh@lamarsh.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"> or (312) 464-1349. For additional information, visit </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="http://www.lamarsh.com/" target="NEW"><span style="color: blue;" lang="EN-US">www.lamarsh.com</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US">.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";" lang="EN-US"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;" align="center"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">©2004 LaMarsh & Associates, Inc</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></p>Miltonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13936009406459540958noreply@blogger.com0